Preclinical sleep research is of increasing importance, not only due to the role of sleep in memory consolidation, but also because of the link that has been established between sleep disorders and some brain or cardiovascular disorders.
Indeed, sleep disturbances are a common comorbidity with neurological and cardiovascular diseases. Narcolepsy, insomnia, circadian rhythm, drug abuse, pharmacology, etc. are all conditions that would benefit from sleep and EEG analysis.
Wireless telemetry recording systems, paired with synchronized video monitoring, facilitates sleep analysis and behavioral observations from freely moving single or group housed subjects, without the confounding effects of investigator interaction.Â
Sleep disturbances are commonly associated with neurological and cardiovascular diseases. easyTEL+ implants acquires multiple biopotentials (EEG, EMG, ECG, EOG), blood pressure, temperature, and activity to study changes in sleep in relation to epilepsy, hypertension, circadian rhythms, and more in small to large animals.
While the small animal implants acquire up to 2 biopotentials for up to 150 days, the large animal implants can record up to 4 biopotentials for up to 125 days.
The easyTEL+RP reusable telemeter acquires up to four low-noise biopotentials (cortical or penetrating EEG, EMG, ECG, EOG) as well as activity from rodents 200g or more.Â
In large animals, it collects neurological and activity changes without surgical implantation of the telemeter. Subjects are equipped with an external transmitter housed in a jacket or a helmet with surface leads paced on the scalp.
Externalized transmitters can be reused across subjects, cohorts, and studies, reducing start-up costs for behavioral studies requiring a large subject pool. The custom design of our transmitters (electrodes, electrode wires, polarity) combined with user configurable sampling rate, resolution, and gain, provide users with various study design options. Easily exchangeable batteries last for up to 150 hours of continuous recordings.
EEG+ offers automated and/or manual sleep scoring and spectral analysis with optional advanced cardiovascular analysis modules to assist in interdisciplinary studies.Â
Our sleep scoring module scores based on 4 different stages which are active wake (AW), quiet wake (QW), slow wave sleep (SWS), and rapid eye movement (REM), utilizing user-defined logic tree analysis. Adjustable epoch and step length allow for custom binning and reporting of sleep stages across variable time intervals. Results are visualized via trend graphs and reports with optional synchronized video.
Sleep apnea is a prevalent sleep-related breathing disorder characterized by abnormal breathing patterns and ventilation. Apneic periods, or pauses in breathing, occur at different frequencies and durations in the sleep cycle depending on the severity of the disorder, resulting in sleep disturbances and a reduction in gas exchange. Consequently, cardiovascular issues may develop because of repeated oxygen-starvation in the body, as well as a range of behavioral health problems brought on by persistent interruptions in the sleep cycle.
Plethysmography utilizes a non-invasive technique which allows conscious polysomnography, or sleep studies, in unanaesthetized, spontaneously breathing subjects. This technique provides continuous high-fidelity respiratory recordings during sleep and wakefulness based on measures of tidal volume, respiratory rate, and minute ventilation.
Integration of electroencephalogram (EEG) & electromyography (EMG) recordings with respiratory signals offer a detailed characterization of the cardiopulmonary contributions in a sleep-disordered breathing state. Plethysmography systems may also integrate with a mass flow controller to measure these respiratory effects under chronic intermittent periods of hypoxia, a key feature of sleep apnea.
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