In recent years, the gut microbiome has emerged as a powerful influencer of cardiovascular health. The concept of the gut-heart axis—the bidirectional communication between gut microbes and the cardiovascular system—is no longer speculative, although there is still much to discover and many challenges to overcome.
Many recent publications highlighted the role of gut microbiota in cardiovascular diseases, such as Hypertension, Atherosclerosis, Heart failure or Stroke, through mechanisms involving inflammation, metabolic regulation, and immune signalling.
A comprehensive review 2 (Zhang Y, 2023) published in Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine outlines how gut microbiota and their metabolites play pivotal roles in the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases. These microbial products can influence systemic inflammation, endothelial function, and lipid metabolism, all of which are critical in CVD pathogenesis.
A 2025 study3 (Sanat Mahendra, 2025) focusing on gut-heart connection examined existing treatment approaches, challenges and future directions in Gut microbiome and cardiovascular disease research.
To explore the gut-heart axis, scientists rely on a range of animal models (mainly mice). As an example, a preclinical study4 (Prasenjit Prasad Saha, 2024) identified phenylacetylglutamine (PAG), a gut microbial metabolite, as a key player in heart failure. Using genetically modified mice, researchers showed that mutating specific β2AR sites prevented PAG from impairing heart function.
When in vivo cardiovascular monitoring is required, Digital Telemetry plays a crucial role, to monitor blood pressure, ECG, and heart rate variability in conscious, freely moving animals. This solution is ideal for long-term studies assessing how microbiome changes influence cardiovascular function over time. With the ability to combine cardiac and neural recordings, telemetry allows to go even further, to explore gut-heart-brain interactions.
June, 2025.
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